The Discourse of Losers in Indonesian Dramas: A Social Representation of Indonesian Vulnerable Society in 1900-2000s
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/ejbl.v1i1.23Keywords:
Indonesian drama, Sociology of Literature, New Order, Gramsci, HegemonyAbstract
This paper aims to reveal the reinterpretation and representation of underdog society phenomena, i.e. losers, marginalized, vulnerable to oppression and injustice in Indonesian dramas in 1900 to 2000s. There are 16 dramas which become subject of this study, whose creation time spans from 1912 to 2008. This paper also wants to find out the ideologies contained in the dramas, which causes the various parties to be the losers. In the process, the paper will elaborate the mechanisms of ideological negotiation and consensus in the drama text, related to the social problems of society as the context of drama’s creation, especially in the pre-independence/Old Order, New Order, and Reformation periods. The theory used as the foundation of writing is Gramsci's hegemonic theory that lies in the sociology of literature that includes society in literary perspective. The method used to discuss the dramas that represent these vulnerable societies is qualitative methods. Qualitative method is a way of research work that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken by people, behavior, or data observed by researchers. Sources of writing data are dramas as literary works whose formal data are word, sentence, and discourse. The data are words, authors' descriptions, dialogues between characters, character’s action, play instructions, and other data contained in the dramas.
References
Bogdan, R. and Taylor, S. J. (1975). Introduction to qualitative research methods. New York: John Willey and Sons.
Damono, S. D. (1979). Sosiologi sastra sebuah pengantar ringkas. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Faruk. (1999). Pengantar sosiologi sastra: Dari strukturalisme genetik sampai post-modernisme. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Gramsci, A. (2000). Sejarah dan budaya. (Ira Puspitarini, pentj). Surabaya: Pustaka Promethea.
Haramain, A. M. (2003). Be(lajar)rtanya lagi pada kesalahan karl marx. In. Pemikiran-Pemikiran Revolusioner. (2nd ed.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Harjito. (2002). Student hijo karya marco kartodikromo analisis hegemoni gramsci. (Disertasi tidak diterbitkan). Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Hasanuddin. (1996). Drama, karya dalam dua dimensi. Bandung: Angkasa.
Hadi, W. (2000). Empat sandiwara orang Melayu. Bandung: Angkasa.
Hall, S. (Ed.). (2003). Representation: Cultural representation and signifying practices. London: Sage Publication.
Ido, V. (1913). Karina Adinda Lelakon Komedie Hindia Timoer dalam tiga bagian. Batavia: Electrische Drukkerij Tjiong Koen Bie.
Junus, U. (1986). Sosiologi sastera: Persoalan teori dan metode. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
Amanah Lontar. (2006). Antologi Drama Indonesia: Jilid I: 1895-1930. Jakarta: Ikrar Mandiriabadi.
Moleong, L. J. (1989). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Noer, A. C. (1989). Orkes Madun IV: Lakon umang-umang. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Patria, N. and Arief, A. (2003). Antonio gramsci negara & hegemoni. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Riantiarno, N. (1998). Opera sembelit. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Riantiarno, N. (2004). Trilogi opera kecoa. Yogyakarta: Bentang.
Simon, R. (2004). Gagasan-gagasan politik gramsci. (4th ed.). Translated by Kamdani and Imam Baehadi. Yogyakarta: Insist and Pustaka Pelajar.
Soemanto, B. (2001). Jagat teater. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo.
Suryadinata, L. (1988). Kebudayaan Minoritas Tionghoa di Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Takwin, B. (2003). Akar-Akar Ideologi. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Utami, A. (2008). Sidang Susila. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Wellek, R. and Warren, A. (1989). Teori tesusastraan. (Melani Budianta, pentj). Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 e-Jurnal Bahasa dan Linguistik (e-JBL)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A notification will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.
